Figure of Speech in English language || अलंकार ||

In this post we will learn about approximately all the figure of speech of English language. In this post we will learn what is figure of speech? And after that all figure of speech step by step. After the post you will have a short summary in hindi language to learn all the figure of speech easily.

इसके साथ साथ inversion, antimetabole, anaphora एवम repetition में अंतर ,paradox, oxymoron, एवम antithesis में अंतर, alliteration एवम consonance में अंतर and simile एवम metaphor में अंतर भी दिए है।

Out line

⭕️ Figure of speech

⭕️ Simile

⭕️ Metaphor

⭕️ Personification

⭕️ Paradox

⭕️ Irony

⭕️ Hyperbole

⭕️ Alliteration

⭕️ Assonance

⭕️ Pun

⭕️ Euphemism

⭕️ Litotes

⭕️ Apostrophe

⭕️ Onomatopoeia

⭕️ Metonymy

⭕️ Synecdoche

⭕️ Inversion

⭕️ Repetition

⭕️ Exclamation

⭕️ Consonance

⭕️ Antithesis

⭕️ Interrogation

⭕️ Tautology

⭕️ Epigram

⭕️ Oxymoron

⭕️ Climax

⭕️ Parable

⭕️ Fable

⭕️ Anaphora

⭕️ Antimetabole

After this..

1. Short Summary

2. Difference

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Figure of Speech

In English, a figure of speech is a literary device or linguistic expression used to add richness, depth, and imaginative meaning to language. It involves using words or phrases in a non-literal manner to create a particular effect, evoke emotions, or make comparisons. Figure of speech often involves using techniques such as similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, and more.

In Hindi, a figure of speech is referred to as "शब्दशाला" (Shabdshala). It includes the use of various rhetorical devices and imaginative expressions to enhance the beauty and impact of the language.

There are a lot of figure of speech (29) in english language. In this post we will read all of them.

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➡️ SIMILE {उपमा}

Definition:

A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words "like" or "as."

As a trick to remember what a simile is, think of it as a comparison using "like" or "as." Similes are used to compare two different things, often to make descriptions more vivid or to highlight certain characteristics.

Here are some examples:

1. She danced like a graceful swan on the stage.

2. His voice was as smooth as silk.

3. The baby's smile was like sunshine on a cloudy day.

4. The athlete ran as fast as a cheetah.

5. Her laughter was like a melodious song.

6. The mountain peak stood tall like a king's crown.

7. The car purred like a contented cat as it glided down the highway.

8. His temper flared up like a volcano, ready to erupt.

9. The ice cream melted as quickly as snow in the sun.

10. The stars sparkled like diamonds in the night sky.

These similes help to create vivid images and comparisons in the reader's mind, making the writing more engaging and expressive.

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➡️ Metaphor {रूपक}

Definition:

A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things by stating that one thing is another, without using "like" or "as."

To remember what a metaphor is, think of it as a direct comparison without using "like" or "as." Metaphors are figures of speech that establish a resemblance or analogy between two unrelated things, often highlighting a shared quality or characteristic.

Here are some examples:

1. The world is a stage.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the world to a stage, suggesting that life is like a play with different acts and roles.

2. Time is a thief.

Explanation: This metaphor compares time to a thief, implying that time steals moments and opportunities.

3. His heart is a stone.

Explanation: This metaphor compares someone's heart to a stone, indicating a lack of emotion or compassion.

4. The classroom was a zoo.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the chaotic and noisy classroom to a zoo, emphasising the disorderliness.

5. Her voice is music to my ears.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the pleasant sound of her voice to the enjoyment of listening to music.

6. The assignment was a mountain to climb.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the difficulty of the assignment to the challenge of climbing a mountain.

7. The city never sleeps.

Explanation: This metaphor suggests that the city is always active and lively, even during the night.

8. His anger was a boiling kettle.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the intensity of his anger to the bubbling and boiling of a kettle.

9. Love is a battlefield.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the struggles and conflicts in love to a battlefield.

10. The book was a passport to a different world.

Explanation: This metaphor compares the experience of reading the book to the opportunity of travelling to another world.

Metaphors enhance the imagery and depth of language, helping readers to see familiar things in new and imaginative ways.

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➡️ Personification { मानवीकरण }

Definition:

Personification is a figure of speech that attributes human qualities, emotions, or actions to non-human entities.

To remember what personification is, think of it as giving human qualities or characteristics to nonhuman things. Personification is a figure of speech that adds life and emotions to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract concepts.

Here are some examples:

1. The wind whispered through the trees.

Explanation: The wind is given the human quality of whispering, which is a characteristic of communication among humans.

2. The sun smiled down upon the earth.

Explanation: The sun is personified with the human action of smiling, expressing warmth and happiness.

3. The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.

Explanation: The flowers are personified with the human action of dancing, creating a vivid and animated image.

4. Fear knocked on the door of her heart.

Explanation: Fear is personified as though it were a person knocking on a door, adding a human-like quality to the emotion.

5. The moon played hide-and-seek behind the clouds.

Explanation: The moon is personified with the human action of playing hide-and-seek, making the description more imaginative.

6. Time flies when you're having fun.

Explanation: Time is personified with the human-like ability to fly, making the concept of time more relatable and understandable.

7. The thunder roared angrily in the distance.

Explanation: Thunder is personified with the human emotion of anger, making the sound more powerful and emotive.

8. The old house groaned as it settled for the night.

Explanation: The house is personified with the human action of groaning, adding a sense of age and character to the description.

9. The river whispered secrets to the trees.

Explanation: The river is personified with the human action of whispering secrets, creating a sense of mystery and intrigue.

10. Opportunity knocked at her door.

Explanation: Opportunity is personified as though it were a person knocking at the door, indicating a chance or favourable circumstance.

Personification enhances the imagery and emotional impact of a text by giving life and personality to non-human elements, making the writing more engaging and relatable to readers.

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➡️ Paradox { विरोधाभास }

Definition:

A paradox is a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd, but may reveal an underlying truth or thought-provoking idea.

To remember what a paradox is, think of it as a statement that contradicts itself or seems logically absurd, but upon further examination, it reveals a deeper truth. Paradoxes challenge our understanding and often provoke deeper reflection.

Here are some examples:

1. "Less is more."

Explanation: This paradox suggests that simplicity and minimalism can sometimes be more effective and powerful than complexity.

2. "This statement is false."

Explanation: This is known as the "liar paradox." If the statement is true, then it must be false, but if it is false, then it must be true, creating a contradiction.

3. "I can resist anything but temptation."

Explanation: This paradox humorously implies that the speaker's willpower is weak when it comes to resisting temptation.

4. "The only constant is change."

Explanation: This paradox highlights the irony that change is the one thing that remains consistent in life.

5. "Wise fool."

Explanation: This paradox describes someone who may lack intelligence in conventional ways but possesses unexpected wisdom.

6. "This statement is only half true."

Explanation: This paradox creates a contradiction by asserting that the statement is both true and not true at the same time.

7. "The more you know, the more you realise you don't know."

Explanation: This paradox suggests that as one gains knowledge, they become aware of the vastness of their ignorance.

8. "You have to be cruel to be kind."

Explanation: This paradox proposes that sometimes tough or harsh actions are necessary for the long-term benefit or kindness.

9. "Freedom is slavery."

Explanation: This paradox appears in George Orwell's novel "1984" and challenges the idea of freedom in a dystopian society.

10. "I know that I know nothing."

Explanation: This paradox, attributed to Socrates, expresses humility in the face of knowledge and the acknowledgment of one's limitations.

Paradoxes often provoke thought and challenge conventional wisdom, making them powerful devices in literature, philosophy, and everyday communication.

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➡️ Irony { व्यंग्यात्मक }

Definition:

Irony is a literary device or situation where there is a contrast between what is said or expected and what actually happens, often leading to a surprising or humorous outcome.

To remember what irony is, think of it as a situation where the opposite of what is expected happens or there is a discrepancy between appearance and reality. Irony often involves unexpected twists or contradictions, which can be humorous, dramatic, or thought-provoking.

Here are some examples:

1. Verbal Irony: When the intended meaning of a statement is opposite to what is said.

Example: "What a beautiful day!" - said during a heavy downpour.

2. Situational Irony: When the outcome of a situation is the opposite of what was expected.

Example: A fire station burns down.

3. Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something that the characters in the story do not.

Example: In a horror movie, the audience knows the killer is hiding in the closet, but the character entering the room does not.

4. Cosmic Irony (Fate Irony): When fate or destiny plays a cruel joke on the characters.

Example: A lifeguard drowning in a pool.

5. Socratic Irony: When someone pretends ignorance to expose the flaws in another's argument.

Example: A teacher asking a seemingly innocent question to lead a student to realise their mistake.

6. Historical Irony: When the outcome of events is contrary to what was expected or intended.

Example: The Titanic, proclaimed as "unsinkable," sank on its maiden voyage.

7. Romantic Irony: When there is a discrepancy between what a character thinks will happen in a romantic situation and what actually occurs.

Example: A character preparing an elaborate proposal, but the other person says no.

8. Dramatic Irony in Comedy: When humorous situations arise from the audience knowing more than the characters.

Example: In a comedy play, a character hides in a closet, but the audience knows they are in the wrong house.

9. Irony of Fate: When circumstances conspire to thwart or undermine a character's plans.

Example: A person avoids taking a flight to avoid a plane crash, but the alternative transportation they choose crashes.

10. Structural Irony: When the structure of a story creates an ironic effect.

Example: A story about an antisocial person who hates social gatherings is set at a series of parties.

Irony adds depth and complexity to storytelling and can evoke various emotions, such as surprise, amusement, or reflection. It often serves to highlight the unpredictability and contradictions inherent in life and human nature.

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➡️ Hyperbole { अतिशयोक्ति }

Definition:

Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect.

To remember what hyperbole is, think of it as an exaggeration taken to extreme levels. Hyperbole is a figure of speech used for emphasis or humour, where something is described far beyond its actual magnitude or reality.

Here are some examples:

1. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.

Explanation: This hyperbole emphasises extreme hunger by suggesting the person could eat an enormous amount of food.

2. The backpack weighs a ton.

Explanation: The backpack is not literally a ton, but this hyperbole exaggerates its weight to convey that it's very heavy.

3. He ran faster than the speed of light.

Explanation: This hyperbole suggests that the person ran incredibly fast, even though the speed of light is impossible to achieve for a human.

4. She's as old as the hills.

Explanation: This hyperbole exaggerates someone's age, implying that they are very old.

5. I've told you a million times not to do that.

Explanation: This hyperbole exaggerates the number of times the person has given the warning to emphasise its repetition.

6. The line at the amusement park stretched to infinity.

Explanation: The line is not literally infinite, but this hyperbole emphasises its extreme length.

7. My backpack weighs a ton of bricks.

Explanation: This hyperbole exaggerates the weight of the backpack, comparing it to an excessively heavy object.

8. The kids in the classroom were making enough noise to wake the dead.

Explanation: This hyperbole humorously suggests that the noise level was incredibly loud and could disturb even the deceased.

9. This book has a million pages.

Explanation: This hyperbole exaggerates the number of pages in the book to emphasise its length.

10. I'm so tired I could sleep for a year.

Explanation: This hyperbole emphasises extreme exhaustion by suggesting the person could sleep for an exceptionally long time.

Hyperbole is a powerful literary tool that adds humour, drama, or emphasis to language, making expressions more vivid and engaging. It's essential to recognize hyperbole as an intentional exaggeration, not to be taken literally.

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➡️ Alliteration { अनुप्रास }

Definition:

Alliteration is a literary device in which the same consonant sound is repeated at the beginning of neighbouring words or stressed syllables in a sentence or phrase.

To remember what alliteration is, think of it as the "repetition trick." It's like a "trick" where similar sounds play together.

Here are some examples:

1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Explanation: The "p" sound is repeated at the beginning of multiple words.

2. Sally sells seashells by the seashore.

Explanation: The "s" sound is repeated at the beginning of several words.

3. A big black bear bounced on a blue ball.

Explanation: The "b" sound is repeated at the beginning of the emphasised words.

4. Five fluffy feathers floated in the wind.

Explanation: The "f" sound is repeated at the beginning of the words.

5. She sells sea-shells by the sea-shore.

Explanation: The "s" sound is repeated in the phrase.

6. The cute, cuddly cat climbed the tall tree.

Explanation: The "c" sound is repeated at the beginning of emphasised words.

7. The laughing llama leaped over the lazy lion.

Explanation: The "l" sound is repeated in the words.

8. The busy bees buzzed by the blooming blossoms.

Explanation: The "b" sound are repeated in the words.

9. Tommy tickled the tiny turtle's tummy.

Explanation: The "t" sound is repeated in the words.

10. Two tricky tigers trotted through the tall grass.

Explanation: The "t" sound is repeated at the beginning of emphasised words.

Alliteration adds a musical and rhythmic quality to writing and speech, making phrases more memorable and engaging. It is commonly used in poetry, slogans, and advertising to create a sense of rhythm and catch the reader's attention.

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➡️ Assonance { स्वरों की एकता }

Definition:

Assonance is a literary device in which the same or similar vowel sounds are repeated in neighbouring words, but the consonants are different.

To remember what assonance is, think of it as the "vowel trick." Assonance is a literary device where the vowel sounds of neighbouring words are repeated in close proximity, creating a pleasing and musical effect.

Here are some examples:

1. The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.

Explanation: The long "a" sound is repeated in the words "rain," "Spain," "mainly," and "plain."

2. The cat sat on the mat.

Explanation: The short "a" sound is repeated in the words "cat" and "mat."

3. Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.

Explanation: The long "ee" sound is repeated in the words "feet," "sweep," and "geese."

4. I feel the need for speed.

Explanation: The long "ee" sound is repeated in the words "feel," "need," and "speed."

5. The deep green sea gleamed in the moonlight.

Explanation: The long "ee" sound is repeated in the words "deep," "green," and "sea."

6. The old oak groaned in the storm.

Explanation: The long "o" sound is repeated in the words "old," "oak," and "groaned."

7. The crowd howled with delight.

Explanation: The long "ow" sound is repeated in the words "howled" and "crowd."

8. The sheep peacefully sleep in the meadow.

Explanation: The long "ee" sound is repeated in the words "sheep" and "sleep."

9. The sweet and serene breeze whispered in the trees.

Explanation: The long "ee" and "ea" sounds are repeated in the words "sweet," "serene," "breeze," and "trees."

Assonance adds a musical quality to writing and speech, enhancing the rhythm and creating a sense of unity within a text. It is often used in poetry, songs, and prose to create a harmonious and melodic effect.

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➡️ Pun { श्लेष }

Definition:

A pun is a form of wordplay that exploits multiple meanings of a word or words that sound similar but have different meanings to create humour or cleverness.

To remember what a pun is, think of it as a "playful trick." Puns are often used to create humour or to add a clever twist to language.

Here are some examples:

1. Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.

Explanation: This pun plays on the different meanings of "flies" – one as insects and the other as a verb meaning to move swiftly.

2. The kleptomaniac couldn't help taking things, but the psychiatrist took something for it.

Explanation: The pun is based on the different meanings of "took" – one referring to stealing and the other to receiving treatment.

3. I used to be a baker, but I couldn't make enough dough.

Explanation: The pun uses the double meaning of "dough" – one as the mixture used for baking and the other as money.

4. When William joined the army, he disliked the phrase "fire at will."

Explanation: The pun exploits the name "Will" as both a person's name and the phrase "fire at will" meaning to shoot freely.

5. The maths book looked sad because it had too many problems.

Explanation: The pun plays on the word "problems," which can refer to mathematical exercises and difficulties.

6. The bicycle couldn't stand on its own because it was two-tired.

Explanation: The pun is based on the similar sounds of "two-tired" (exhausted) and "too tired" (having two tires).

7. The scarecrow won an award because he was outstanding in his field.

Explanation: The pun exploits the double meaning of "outstanding" – one meaning excellent and the other meaning situated outside in a field.

8. I'm on a seafood diet. I see food, and I eat it.

Explanation: The pun plays on the word "seafood diet," which is supposed to mean a diet of seafood, but the person humorously interprets it as seeing food and eating it.

9. Why did the scarecrow win an award? Because he was outstanding in his field.

Explanation: This pun relies on the double meaning of "outstanding" – one as an award-worthy achievement and the other as standing in a field.

10. The butcher backed up into the meat grinder and got a little behind in his work.

Explanation: The pun is based on the phrase "a little behind" which means being late or delayed, and the literal interpretation of the butcher's position.

Puns are widely used in jokes, advertising, and literary works to entertain, surprise, and create wordplay. They rely on the ambiguity of language and the multiple meanings of words to achieve their clever and humorous effects.

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➡️ Euphemism { व्यंजना }

Definition:

A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression used to substitute a word or phrase that might be considered harsh, unpleasant, or impolite.

To remember what an euphemism is, think of it as a "softening trick." It's like using a "trick" to soften the impact of certain words or situations.

Here are some examples:

1. Passed away instead of died.

Explanation: "Passed away" is a euphemism used to soften the directness of "died" when referring to someone's death.

2. Let go instead of being fired.

Explanation: "Let go" is a euphemism used to avoid the bluntness of "fired" when talking about someone losing their job.

3. Correctional facility instead of prison.

Explanation: "Correctional facility" is a euphemism used to present a prison in a less negative light.

4. Vertically challenged instead of short.

Explanation: "Vertically challenged" is a euphemism used to avoid directly referring to someone as short in height.

5. Sanitation engineer instead of garbage collector.

Explanation: "Sanitation engineer" is a euphemism used to elevate the status of a garbage collector.

6. Economically disadvantaged instead of poor.

Explanation: "Economically disadvantaged" is a euphemism used to soften the directness of "poor" when describing someone's financial situation.

7. Enhanced interrogation techniques instead of torture.

Explanation: "Enhanced interrogation techniques" is a euphemism used to downplay the severity of torture methods.

8. Pre-owned instead of used (for products like cars).

Explanation: "Pre-owned" is a euphemism used in the automotive industry to make used cars sound more appealing.

9. Comfort room instead of restroom.

Explanation: "Comfort room" is a euphemism used in some regions to refer to a restroom or bathroom.

10. Letting someone go instead of breaking up.

Explanation: "Letting someone go" is a euphemism used to soften the directness of breaking up with someone in a relationship.

Euphemisms are commonly used in various contexts to be tactful and considerate in communication, especially when discussing sensitive or unpleasant topics. They provide a way to convey information while avoiding potentially offensive or uncomfortable language.

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➡️ Litotes { कोमल भाव }

Definition:

Litotes is a figure of speech in which an affirmative idea is expressed by negating its opposite or using a statement that understates the situation.

To remember what litotes is, think of it as the "understatement trick." It involves using a double negative or a statement that minimises the intensity of what is being conveyed. It's like a "trick" that downplays the true magnitude of a situation.

Here are some examples:

1. It's not a bad idea. (Meaning: It's a good idea.)

Explanation: The use of "not bad" downplays the true positivity of the idea, implying that it is actually quite good.

2. She's not unkind. (Meaning: She is kind.)

Explanation: By saying she's "not unkind," the statement suggests that she is actually kind.

3. He's not a stranger to hard work. (Meaning: He is familiar with hard work.)

Explanation: "Not a stranger" implies that he is quite familiar with hard work.

4. The movie isn't boring. (Meaning: The movie is interesting or engaging.)

Explanation: By using "isn't boring," the statement suggests that the movie is entertaining.

5. The test results are not bad. (Meaning: The test results are good.)

Explanation: "Not bad" downplays the positive nature of the test results, implying that they are actually quite good.

6. The weather is not unpleasant. (Meaning: The weather is pleasant.)

Explanation: "Not unpleasing" suggests that the weather is enjoyable or agreeable.

7. This dish is not unlike what I had in Italy. (Meaning: This dish is similar to what I had in Italy.)

Explanation: "Not unlike" indicates that the dish shares similarities with what was experienced in Italy.

8. The performance was not without flaws. (Meaning: The performance had some flaws.)

Explanation: By saying "not without flaws," it acknowledges that there were indeed flaws in the performance.

9. The view is not unimpressive. (Meaning: The view is impressive.)

Explanation: "Not unimpressive" indicates that the view has positive qualities and is likely impressive.

10. The task is not impossible. (Meaning: The task is possible.)

Explanation: The use of "not impossible" suggests that the task can be accomplished.

Litotes allow for a more subtle way of expressing positivity or negativity and can add nuance to statements. It emphasises the idea by understating it, making the language more sophisticated and engaging.

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➡️ Apostrophe { अक्षर लोप }

Definition:

An apostrophe is a punctuation mark used to indicate possession and to show the omission of letters in a contraction.

To remember what an apostrophe is, think of it as the "possession trick" or the "missing letters trick." Apostrophe is a punctuation mark used for two main purposes: to indicate possession and to show the omission of letters in a contraction. It's like a "trick" that helps us understand ownership or missing letters.

Here are some examples:

Examples of possession:

1. The cat's tail is fluffy.

Explanation: The apostrophe ('s) indicates that the tail belongs to the cat.

2. John's book is on the table.

Explanation: The apostrophe ('s) indicates that the book belongs to John.

3. The children's toys are scattered on the floor.

Explanation: The apostrophe (s') indicates that the toys belong to the children.

4. The dog's collar is blue.

Explanation: The apostrophe ('s) indicates that the collar belongs to the dog.

Examples of contractions (omission of letters):

1. I can't go to the party tonight.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "no" in "cannot."

2. They're going to the beach tomorrow.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letters "a" in "they are."

3. I haven't seen him in a while.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "o" in "have not."

4. She's going to the store.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "i" and "ha" in "she is."

5. It's a beautiful day outside.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "i" in "it is."

6. We're going on a trip next week.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "a" in "we are."

7. You're doing a great job.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "a" in "you are."

8. Don't forget to call me later.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "o" in "do not."

9. I won't be able to make it to the meeting.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "i" in "will not."

10. He's been working hard all day.

Explanation: The apostrophe represents the omitted letter "ha" in "he has."

Apostrophes are essential for indicating possession and creating contractions, helping to clarify meaning and improve the flow of written and spoken language.

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➡️ Onomatopoeia { अर्थानुरणन }

Definition:

Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words imitate the natural sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.

To remember what onomatopoeia is, think of it as the "sound trick." It's like a "trick" that uses words to mimic sounds.

Here are some examples:

1. Buzz - The bee buzzed around the flower.

Explanation: The word "buzz" imitates the sound made by a bee.

2. Hiss - The snake hissed as it slithered through the grass.

Explanation: The word "hiss" imitates the sound made by a snake.

3. Boom - The thunderstorm brought heavy rain and loud booms of thunder.

Explanation: The word "boom" imitates the sound of thunder.

4. Meow - The cat meowed to get its owner's attention.

Explanation: The word "meow" imitates the sound made by a cat.

5. Splash - The kids jumped into the pool, causing a big splash.

Explanation: The word "splash" imitates the sound of water being displaced.

6. Beep - The car honked, and the horn emitted a loud beep.

Explanation: The word "beep" imitates the sound made by a car horn.

7. Sizzle - The bacon sizzled in the frying pan.

Explanation: The word "sizzle" imitates the sound of bacon cooking.

8. Chirp - The birds chirped merrily in the trees.

Explanation: The word "chirp" imitates the sound made by birds.

9. Ding-dong - The doorbell rang with a cheerful ding-dong.

Explanation: The word "ding-dong" imitates the sound of a doorbell.

10. Cuckoo - The cuckoo clock chimed in the background.

Explanation: The word "cuckoo" imitates the sound made by a cuckoo clock.

Onomatopoeic words add vividness and sensory experience to writing by replicating the sounds they describe. They are commonly used in literature, comics,and everyday language to create a sense of immersion and liveliness in the text.

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➡️ Metonymy { लक्षणालंकार }

Definition:

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is replaced with another word or phrase that is closely associated or related to it.

To remember what metonymy is, think of it as the "substitute trick." It's like a "trick" that uses a related term as a substitution.

Here are some examples:

1. The White House issued a statement.

Explanation: In this example, "The White House" is used as a metonym for the U.S. government or the President and his administration.

2. The pen is mightier than the sword.

Explanation: Here, "the pen" is used as a metonym for writing or communication, and "the sword" represents military force or violence.

3. Hollywood is known for its glamorous lifestyle.

Explanation: In this case, "Hollywood" is used as a metonym for the American film industry and its culture.

4. The crown announced a new law.

Explanation: "The crown" is used as a metonym for the monarchy or the ruling authority in this context.

5. The press is eagerly waiting for the celebrity's arrival.

Explanation: In this example, "the press" is used as a metonym for journalists or media representatives.

6. The pen is busy writing its novel.

Explanation: Here, "the pen" is used as a metonym for the writer, emphasising the act of writing.

7. Wall Street reacted to the news with uncertainty.

Explanation: "Wall Street" is used as a metonym for the financial markets and institutions.

8. The bench called for a timeout.

Explanation: In this example, "the bench" is used as a metonym for the team's coach or coaching staff.

9. The suits at the meeting discussed the company's future.

Explanation: "The suits" is used as a metonym for executives or management, referring to their formal attire.

10. The classroom was attentive to the teacher's words.

Explanation: Here, "the classroom" is used as a metonym for the students in the class.

Metonymy allows writers and speakers to create more concise and evocative expressions by using words or phrases that are closely related to the intended meaning. It enhances the richness and depth of language by drawing connections between associated concepts or objects.

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➡️ Synecdoche { उपलक्षण }

Definition:

Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole, or the whole is used to represent a part.

To remember what synecdoche is, think of it as the "part-for-the-whole trick." It's like a "trick" that substitutes one aspect for the entire entity.

Here are some examples:

1. All hands on deck.

Explanation: In this example, "hands" is used as a synecdoche to represent the entire crew or people on the ship.

2. The United States won three gold medals in the Olympics.

Explanation: "The United States" is used as a synecdoche to represent the athletes or the team representing the country.

3. Check out my new wheels.

Explanation: In this case, "wheels" is used as a synecdoche to represent the entire car.

4. The school hired a new set of eyes to review the curriculum.

Explanation: "A new set of eyes" is used as a synecdoche to represent a new person or fresh perspective.

5. The captain shouted, "All hands on deck!"

Explanation: Here, "all hands" is used as a synecdoche for the entire crew.

6. The word "bread" often refers to food in general.

Explanation: In this example, "bread" is used as a synecdoche to represent all types of food.

7. The cattle rancher owned a hundred head of cattle.

Explanation: "Head" is used as a synecdoche to represent the entire animals (cattle) in the ranch.

8. Hollywood released several new films this summer.

Explanation: In this case, "Hollywood" is used as a synecdoche to represent the entire American film industry.

9. The town cheered as the team's new blood scored the winning goal.

Explanation: "New blood" is used as a synecdoche to represent the new players on the team.

10. The White House announced a new policy today.

Explanation: In this example, "The White House" is used as a synecdoche to represent the U.S. government or administration.

Synecdoche adds layers of meaning and depth to language by using specific parts to represent a broader concept or vice versa. It is a powerful literary device that enhances expression and creates vivid imagery in writing and speech.

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➡️ Inversion { उलट देना }

Definition:

Inversion is a literary device in which the usual word order of a sentence is reversed for emphasis, dramatic effect, or to adhere to a specific poetic or rhetorical style.

To remember what inversion is, think of it as the "word order trick." It's like a "trick" that rearranges words in a sentence to create a unique impact.

Here are some examples:

1. "Into the darkness went the brave knight."

Explanation: In this sentence, the subject "the brave knight" comes after the verb "went," which is the inversion of the typical word order "The brave knight went into the darkness." This inversion adds emphasis to the knight's bravery and creates a more dramatic effect.

2. "Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset."

Explanation: The inversion here places the adverb "never" at the beginning of the sentence, emphasise the speaker's surprise at witnessing a beautiful sunset.

3. "On top of the mountain stood a majestic castle."

Explanation: The inversion places the subject "a majestic castle" after the verb "stood" and adds a sense of grandeur to the description.

4. "Not a sound did he make as he sneaked into the room."

Explanation: In this sentence, the subject "he" comes after the auxiliary verb "did," creating inversion for added emphasis on the silence of his movement.

5. "Over the river and through the woods ran the children."

Explanation: Here, the inversion places the subject "the children" after the verb "ran," creating a poetic and rhythmic effect.

6. "I rushed the crowd, cheering and clapping."

Explanation: The inversion in this sentence places the subject "the crowd" after the preposition "in," creating a sense of immediacy and excitement.

7. "With joyous smiles on their faces, the newlyweds entered."

Explanation: The inversion in this sentence emphasises the action of "entered" by placing the subject "the newlyweds" after the participial phrase.

8. "Out jumped a little frog from under the lily pad."

Explanation: The inversion in this sentence places the subject "a little frog" after the adverb "out," creating a vivid and animated image.

9. "Never before had I seen such a talented musician."

Explanation: The inversion here puts the adverbial phrase "Never before" at the beginning of the sentence, drawing attention to the uniqueness of the experience.

10. "From the branches of the old tree hung a tire swing."

Explanation: The inversion in this sentence places the subject "a tire swing" after the prepositional phrase, providing a picturesque description.

Inversion is a versatile literary device used to create variety and impact in writing. It is often found in poetry, formal speeches, and rhetorical writing to create a memorable and rhythmic effect.

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➡️ Repetition { दुहराव }

Definition:

Repetition is a literary device in which words, phrases, or lines are repeated for emphasis, rhythm, or to reinforce a particular theme or idea.

To remember what repetition is, think of it as the "echo trick." It's like an "echo trick" where certain elements are echoed to make them stand out.

Here are some examples:

1. "Never give up, never surrender."

Explanation: The phrase "never give up" is repeated to emphasise the importance of perseverance and determination.

2. "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up... I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia... I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted..."

Explanation: In Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous speech, the phrase "I have a dream" is repeated to create a powerful and memorable rhythm.

3. "Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow."

Explanation: The repetition of "let it snow" in this Christmas song emphasises the desire for snowfall during the holiday season.

4. "The cat in the hat sat on the mat."

Explanation: The repetition of the "at" sound in this Dr. Seuss sentence creates a playful and rhythmic effect.

5. "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets..."

Explanation: Winston Churchill's speech uses repetition of "we shall fight" to emphasise determination during wartime.

6. "I came, I saw, I conquered."

Explanation: This famous phrase by Julius Caesar uses repetition to express triumph and brevity.

7. "She sells seashells by the seashore."

Explanation: The repetition of the "s" sound in this tongue twister creates a playful and challenging effect.

8. "I like it, I love it, I want some more of it."

Explanation: This line from a song uses repetition to express enthusiasm and desire.

9. "Rain, rain, go away, come again another day."

Explanation: The repetition in this nursery rhyme emphasises the wish for the rain to stop.

10. "Nevermore" Nevermore.

Explanation: In Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven," the repetition of "nevermore" adds to the haunting and melancholic tone.

Repetition is a powerful tool that can enhance the impact of a message, create a sense of unity, and make the writing more memorable. It is commonly used in literature, speeches, poetry, and songs to create rhythm and emphasis.

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➡️ Exclamation { विस्मयबोधक }

Definition:

An exclamation is a sentence or phrase that expresses strong emotion, excitement, surprise, or astonishment.

To remember what an exclamation is, think of it as the "surprise trick." It's like a "trick" that conveys intense feelings in a short burst.

Here are some examples:

1. "Wow! That's incredible!"

Explanation: The exclamation "Wow!" expresses amazement and excitement about something remarkable.

2. "Ouch! That hurt!"

Explanation: The exclamation "Ouch!" expresses pain or discomfort.

3. "Hooray! We won the game!"

Explanation: The exclamation "Hooray!" expresses joy and celebration for a victory.

4. "Oh no! I forgot my keys."

Explanation: The exclamation "Oh no!" expresses surprise and dismay at the realisation of forgetting something important.

5. "Yikes! That was a close call."

Explanation: The exclamation "Yikes!" conveys surprise or fear in response to a close or dangerous situation.

6. "Bravo! Excellent performance!"

Explanation: The exclamation "Bravo!" expresses admiration and praise for an outstanding performance.

7. "Alas! We missed the last train."

Explanation: The exclamation "Alas!" expresses regret or sorrow for missing the train.

8. "Eureka! I've found the solution."

Explanation: The exclamation "Eureka!" expresses excitement and triumph upon discovering something important or solving a problem.

9. "Oh my goodness! Look at that adorable puppy."

Explanation: The exclamation "Oh my goodness!" expresses delight and affection in response to seeing something cute.

10. "Fantastic! You did it!"

Explanation: The exclamation "Fantastic!" expresses enthusiasm and approval for a successful accomplishment.

Exclamations are a natural way to convey strong emotions or reactions in spoken and written language. They add emphasis and help convey the intensity of the speaker's feelings or the significance of a situation. In writing, exclamations are usually followed by an exclamation mark (!) to indicate their expressive nature.

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➡️ Consonance { अनुरूप }

Definition:

Consonance is a literary device where consonant sounds are repeated in close proximity within a group of words, usually in the middle or at the end of the words.

To remember what consonance is, think of it as the "harmonious trick." It's like a "trick" that creates a pleasant harmony of sounds.

Here are some examples:

1. Mike likes his bike.

Explanation: The "k" sound is repeated in the words "Mike," "likes," and "bike."

2. She sells sea-shells by the seashore.

Explanation: The "s" sound is repeated in the words "sells," "sea," "shells," and "seashore."

3. The pitter-patter of rain on the rooftop.

Explanation: The "t" and "r" sounds are repeated in the words "pitter-patter," "rain," and "rooftop."

4. He struck a deep, dark chord.

Explanation: The "d" and "k" sounds are repeated in the words "struck," "deep," "dark," and "chord."

5. The ravenous cat ate the mouse.

Explanation: The "t" sound is repeated in the words "cat," "ate."

6. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Explanation: The "p" sound is repeated in the words "Peter," "Piper," "picked," "peck," and "pickled peppers."

7. The sun sank slowly beneath the horizon.

Explanation: The "s" sound is repeated in the words "sank," "slowly," "beneath," and "horizon."

8. In the twilight, we saw a quiet, twinkling light.

Explanation: The "t" and "k" sounds are repeated in the words "twilight," "quiet," "twinkling," and "light."

9. The old man's hat was black and flat.

Explanation: The "t" sound is repeated in the words "flat," and "hat."

10. The wind whispered through the willow trees.

Explanation: The "w" and "s" sounds are repeated in the words "wind," "whispered," "willow," and "trees."

Consonance adds musicality and rhythm to writing and speech, making phrases more memorable and pleasant to the ear. It is often used in poetry, songs, and prose to create a sense of harmony and unity within a text.

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➡️ Antithesis { विलोम }

Definition:

Antithesis is a literary device in which contrasting or opposing ideas, words, or phrases are placed in close proximity to create a strong contrast.

To remember what antithesis is, think of it as the "opposite trick." It's like a "trick" that sets up clear oppositions for emphasis and impact.

Here are some examples:

1. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times..."

Explanation: In Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities," this famous opening line uses antithesis to present contrasting conditions in the same historical period.

2. "To be or not to be, that is the question..."

Explanation: In Shakespeare's "Hamlet," this soliloquy features antithesis in the choice between existence and non-existence.

3. "Many are called, but few are chosen."

Explanation: This biblical phrase contrasts the large number of people called with the smaller number chosen or selected.

4. "Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing."

Explanation: In this sentence, antithesis is used to compare the abstract concept of love with the practical reality of marriage.

5. "Speech is silver, but silence is gold."

Explanation: This phrase uses antithesis to juxtapose the value of speech (silver) with the value of silence (gold).

6. "You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart."

Explanation: This sentence contrasts physical attractiveness with emotional difficulty using antithesis.

7. "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."

Explanation: In John F. In Kennedy's inaugural address, this quote uses antithesis to emphasise civic responsibility.

8. "Art is long, and Time is fleeting..."

Explanation: In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem "A Psalm of Life," antithesis is used to contrast the enduring nature of art with the fleeting nature of time.

9. "Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice."

Explanation: This quote from Shakespeare's "Hamlet" contrasts the act of listening with the act of speaking.

10. "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Explanation: Neil Armstrong's famous words during the moon landing use antithesis to emphasise the significance of the event for both individuals and humanity as a whole.

Antithesis is a powerful rhetorical device that highlights differences and creates emphasis in writing and speech. It enables writers and speakers to draw attention to contrasting ideas, making their message more impactful and thought-provoking.

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➡️ Interrogation { प्रश्नवाचक }

Definition:

Interrogation is a literary device that involves the use of questions in writing or speech to engage the audience, provoke thought, or create emphasis.

To remember what interrogation is, think of it as the "questioning trick." It's like a "trick" where questions are posed to engage the audience or provoke thought.

Here are some examples:

1. "Why did you do that?"

Explanation: This simple interrogative sentence asks a direct question, seeking to understand the reason behind someone's actions.

2. "What if we could change the world?"

Explanation: This rhetorical question prompts the audience to contemplate the possibilities of making a positive impact on a global scale.

3. "Who knows what tomorrow will bring?"

Explanation: This question emphasises the uncertainty of the future, inviting reflection on the unpredictability of life.

4. "Where did you go last night?"

Explanation: In this question, the speaker seeks information about the location someone visited the previous night.

5. "How can we solve this problem?"

Explanation: This question prompts brainstorming and critical thinking to find a solution to the presented issue.

6. "Are you sure about that?"

Explanation: This question challenges the accuracy or certainty of a statement made by someone else.

7. "Did you see the magnificent sunset?"

Explanation: This question seeks to ascertain whether the person witnessed the beautiful sunset.

8. "Why haven't you finished your assignment yet?"

Explanation: This interrogative sentence questions the reason for someone's delay in completing their task.

9. "What would you do if you won the lottery?"

Explanation: This hypothetical question encourages the listener to imagine the possibilities of sudden wealth.

10. "Who can resist the allure of adventure?"

Explanation: This rhetorical question highlights the appeal of adventure and invites the audience to acknowledge its attraction.

Interrogation is a versatile literary device that can serve various purposes, such as engaging the audience, stimulating thought, challenging assumptions, or eliciting specific responses. It adds depth and intrigue to writing and speech by encouraging interaction and contemplation from the reader or listener.

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➡️ Tautology { पुनरुक्ति }

Definition:

Tautology is a literary device in which a statement or phrase is needlessly repeated using different words, conveying the same meaning redundantly.

To remember what tautology is, think of it as the "repetition trick." It's like a "trick" that unnecessarily repeats information.

Here are some examples:

1. "Free gift" or "true fact."

Explanation: In both cases, the second word is unnecessary as a gift is inherently free, and a fact is inherently true.

2. "I saw it with my own eyes."

Explanation: The phrase "with my own eyes" is a tautology because seeing something already implies the use of one's own eyes.

3. "Added bonus" or "completely finished."

Explanation: In these examples, the second word is redundant, as a bonus is something extra and being finished implies completion.

4. "Empty hole" or "close proximity."

Explanation: Both phrases include words that repeat information unnecessarily, making them tautological.

5. "End result" or "plan in advance."

Explanation: These phrases contain words that convey the same meaning redundantly.

6. "Frozen ice"

Explanation: The second word in phrase is unnecessary, as ice is already frozen.

7. "Basic fundamentals" or "future plans."

Explanation: These phrases use unnecessary words that do not add new information.

8. "Past history"

Explanation: The second word in phrase is superfluous, as history already refers to the past.

9. "Final outcome" or "invited guests."

Explanation: Both phrases contain redundant words that do not contribute additional meaning.

10. "Join together" or "twelve noon."

Explanation: In these examples, the phrases include unnecessary words, making them tautological.

Tautology can make a statement wordy and redundant. It's essential to avoid tautology in writing to maintain clarity and conciseness. By recognizing and eliminating tautological phrases, writers can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their communication.

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➡️ Epigram { सूक्ति }

Definition:

An epigram is a short, witty, and clever statement or poem that conveys a smart and thought-provoking message in a concise manner.

To remember what an epigram is, think of it as the "wit trick." An epigram is a short, witty, and clever statement or poem that often contains a twist, pun, or paradox. It's like a "trick" that delivers a smart and thought-provoking message in a concise manner.

Here are some examples:

1. "I can resist everything except temptation." - Oscar Wilde

Explanation: This epigram humorously reflects on human weakness and the allure of temptation.

2. "Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind." - John F. Kennedy

Explanation: This epigram contains a powerful message about the consequences of war and the need for peace.

3. "What is mind? No matter. What does matter? Never mind!" - Thomas Hewitt Key

Explanation: This epigram plays with the dual meaning of "mind" and "matter," creating a clever wordplay.

4. "A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as bad." - Bob Edwards

Explanation: This epigram uses irony to highlight the potential harm of both limited knowledge and complete ignorance.

5. "He has all the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire." - Winston Churchill

Explanation: Churchill's epigram satirically reflects on someone's character by using paradoxical language.

6. "I can't afford to save any money." - Jackie Mason

Explanation: This epigram humorously highlights the irony of not being able to save money.

7. "The only way to get rid of temptation is to yield to it." - Oscar Wilde

Explanation: Wilde's epigram humorously suggests that the best way to overcome temptation is to give in to it.

8. "Art is a lie that makes us realise the truth." - Pablo Picasso

Explanation: Picasso's epigram explores the profound impact of art on perception and understanding.

9. "I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better." - A. J. Liebling

Explanation: This epigram cleverly plays with the ideas of speed and quality in writing.

10. "When I was kidnapped, my parents snapped into action. They rented out my room." - Woody Allen

Explanation: Woody Allen's epigram uses humour to describe the lack of concern his parents showed when he was "kidnapped" by moving on quickly.

Epigrams are often used to express wisdom, humour, irony, or criticism in a concise and memorable form. Their wit and cleverness make them stand out and often leave a lasting impression on the reader.

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➡️ Oxymoron { आक्सीमोरण }

Definition:

An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory or opposing words to create a unique and thought-provoking expression.

To remember what an oxymoron is, think of it as the "contradictory trick." It's like a "trick" that pairs seemingly opposite terms to convey a deeper meaning.

Here are some examples:

1. Jumbo shrimp

Explanation: The oxymoron "jumbo shrimp" combines the idea of something large ("jumbo") with something small ("shrimp").

2. Bittersweet

Explanation: This oxymoron pairs the opposing emotions of bitterness and sweetness.

3. Living dead

Explanation: The oxymoron "living dead" combines the concept of being alive ("living") with being dead.

4. Deafening silence

Explanation: This oxymoron juxtaposes the contradictory notions of loudness ("deafening") and quietness ("silence").

5. Open secret

Explanation: The oxymoron "open secret" suggests something that is widely known but not openly discussed.

6. Act naturally

Explanation: This oxymoron combines the idea of performing ("act") with being genuine or spontaneous ("naturally").

7. Awfully pretty

Explanation: The oxymoron "awfully pretty" juxtaposes the negative connotation of "awfully" with the positive description of "pretty."

8. Alone together

Explanation: This oxymoron combines the idea of being isolated ("alone") with being in a group ("together").

9. Great depression

Explanation: The oxymoron "great depression" combines the magnitude of "great" with the notion of sadness or despair.

10. Virtual reality

Explanation: This oxymoron combines the idea of something being "virtual" or simulated with the concept of reality.

Oxymorons often create vivid and memorable images by presenting unexpected combinations of words. They are commonly used in literature, poetry, and everyday language to evoke emotions, add depth to descriptions, and provoke thought about the complexities of life and language.

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➡️ Climax { उत्कर्ष }

Definition:

The climax is the point of greatest intensity or tension in a narrative, where the story's conflict reaches its peak, leading to a decisive turning point or resolution.

To remember what a climax is, think of it as the "intensity trick." It's like a "trick" that builds up the highest level of excitement or emotion in a story.

Here are some examples:

1. In a murder mystery, the climax occurs when the detective confronts the culprit, and the truth behind the crime is revealed.

2. In a romance novel, the climax may be the moment when the two main characters finally confess their love for each other.

3. In a thrilling adventure story, the climax might happen during a dangerous chase or a life-or-death situation for the protagonist.

4. In a tragedy, the climax is the most emotionally charged and tragic moment, often leading to the downfall of the main character.

5. In an action movie, the climax is the intense and action-packed showdown between the hero and the main antagonist.

6. In a coming-of-age story, the climax could be the moment when the protagonist overcomes their fears or insecurities and discovers their true self.

7. In a political drama, the climax might occur during a crucial vote or a significant decision that will determine the fate of the nation.

8. In a comedy, the climax could involve a series of humorous misunderstandings finally being resolved.

9. In a fantasy novel, the climax may be the final battle between the forces of good and evil, determining the fate of the world.

10. In a horror story, the climax is the terrifying moment when the protagonist faces the ultimate threat or the source of fear.

The climax is a pivotal moment in storytelling that keeps readers or viewers engaged and invested in the narrative. It often provides a sense of resolution and catharsis after the buildup of tension and conflict throughout the story. The intensity of the climax leaves a lasting impact and shapes the overall experience of the audience.

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➡️ Parable { दृष्टांत }

Definition:

A parable is a short story or narrative that uses simple and relatable events, characters, or situations to convey a moral or spiritual lesson.

To remember what a parable is, think of it as the "life lesson trick." It's like a "trick" that disguises a deeper meaning within a straightforward story.

Here are some examples:

1. The Parable of the Good Samaritan:

Explanation: In this biblical parable, a traveller is robbed and left wounded on the roadside. Several passersby, including a priest and a Levite, ignore the injured man. However, a Samaritan, traditionally considered an outcast, stops to help the wounded man, demonstrating the importance of compassion and kindness towards others.

2. The Parable of the Prodigal Son:

Explanation: This well-known parable tells the story of a son who squanders his inheritance and later returns home humbled and repentant. His father welcomes him with open arms, teaching the value of forgiveness and unconditional love.

3. The Parable of the Mustard Seed:

Explanation: In this parable, Jesus compares the Kingdom of Heaven to a tiny mustard seed that grows into a large tree. The parable illustrates the power of faith and how small beginnings can lead to significant results.

4. The Parable of the Lost Sheep:

Explanation: This parable tells the story of a shepherd who leaves his flock of ninety-nine sheep to search for one that has gone astray. The parable emphasises God's loving concern for each individual and the idea that no one is insignificant in the eyes of the divine.

5. The Parable of the Rich Fool:

Explanation: In this parable, a rich man decides to store up his wealth for himself without considering others or the future. God admonishes him for his greed and lack of foresight, emphasising the importance of being generous and mindful of others.

6. The Parable of the Talents:

Explanation: This parable involves a master who entrusts his servants with different amounts of money (talents) before going on a journey. The servants who invest and multiply their talents are rewarded, while the one who buries his talent out of fear is chastised, teaching the importance of using one's gifts and abilities wisely.

7. The Parable of the Sower:

Explanation: In this parable, Jesus compares the spreading of God's word to a farmer sowing seeds on different types of soil. The parable illustrates the receptivity of people's hearts to the teachings of God.

Parables are timeless and universal in their ability to communicate valuable life lessons and moral truths. They are often used by religious and spiritual leaders, as well as storytellers, to convey profound teachings in a relatable and accessible manner.

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➡️ Fable { दंतकथा }

Definition:

A fable is a short narrative that features animals or inanimate objects personified as characters, used to convey a moral lesson or ethical principle.

To remember what a fable is, think of it as the "animal trick." It's like an "animal trick" that imparts wisdom through the actions and interactions of the characters.

Here are some examples:

1. "The Tortoise and the Hare":

Explanation: In this fable, a slow-moving tortoise competes in a race against a swift hare. The hare, confident of victory, takes a nap during the race, allowing the steady tortoise to win. The moral lesson is that "slow and steady wins the race."

2. "The Boy Who Cried Wolf":

Explanation: This fable tells the story of a boy who falsely claims that a wolf is attacking his flock of sheep. The villagers rush to help him, but he laughs at their gullibility. When a real wolf appears and he calls for help again, the villagers no longer believe him. The moral lesson is "liars are not believed even when they speak the truth."

3. "The Fox and the Grapes":

Explanation: In this fable, a fox tries to reach some grapes hanging high on a vine but fails to reach them. Frustrated, the fox declares that the grapes are probably sour anyway. The moral lesson is "it is easy to despise what you cannot get."

4. "The Lion and the Mouse":

Explanation: This fable tells the story of a lion trapped in a net, which is freed by a small mouse. Later, the mouse needs help, and the lion returns the favour by sparing the mouse's life. The moral lesson is "even the smallest acts of kindness can be repaid in unexpected ways."

5. "The Ant and the Grasshopper":

Explanation: In this fable, an ant works hard during the summer to store food for the winter, while a grasshopper spends its time singing and playing. When winter arrives, the grasshopper finds itself starving, and the ant refuses to share its food. The moral lesson is "there is a time for work and a time for play."

6. "The City Mouse and the Country Mouse":

Explanation: This fable features a city mouse visiting its cousin in the country. The country mouse offers simple food, but the city mouse prefers the luxury and danger of city life. The moral lesson is "better a little in peace than a great deal in trouble."

7. "The Dog and Its Reflection":

Explanation: In this fable, a dog carrying a bone sees its reflection in the water and thinks it is another dog with a bigger bone. The greedy dog drops its bone to grab the larger one and ends up with nothing. The moral lesson is "greed often overreaches itself."

Fables have been used for centuries as a means of teaching valuable lessons and imparting wisdom in an engaging and entertaining manner. The use of animal or object characters makes the lessons more relatable and accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds.

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➡️ Anaphora

Definition:

Anaphora is a literary device that involves the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

To remember what anaphora is, think of it as the "repetition trick." It's like a "trick" that creates emphasis and rhythm through repetition.

Here are some examples:

1. "I have a dream that one day... I have a dream that one day... I have a dream that one day..."

Explanation: In Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous speech, the anaphora "I have a dream that one day" is repeated to create a powerful and rhythmic effect.

2. "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets..."

Explanation: Winston Churchill's speech uses anaphora with the repetition of "we shall fight" to emphasise determination during wartime.

3. "To be, or not to be, that is the question..."

Explanation: In Shakespeare's "Hamlet," the anaphora "to be" is repeated, emphasising the existential question being posed.

4. "Every day, every night, every moment, I think of you."

Explanation: The anaphora "every" is used to convey the frequency and intensity of the speaker's thoughts.

5. "Love is patient, love is kind, love is forgiving."

Explanation: This example uses anaphora to highlight different aspects of love.

6. "I came, I saw, I conquered."

Explanation: This famous phrase uses anaphora to create a sense of triumph and brevity.

7. "With courage, with determination, with hope, we shall overcome."

Explanation: The anaphora "with" is used to emphasise the qualities needed to overcome challenges.

8. "Not in the clamour of the crowded street, not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng..."

Explanation: The anaphora "not in" is repeated to emphasise where something cannot be found.

9. "In books, in poems, in art, we find solace."

Explanation: This example uses anaphora to show different sources of finding solace.

10. "She sings with passion, she sings with joy, she sings with love."

Explanation: The anaphora "she sings" is repeated to emphasise the different emotions conveyed through singing.

Anaphora is a powerful rhetorical device that adds emphasis, rhythm, and structure to writing and speech. It is commonly used in speeches, poetry, and persuasive writing to make the message more memorable and impactful. The repetition created by anaphora draws attention to key ideas and encourages the audience to reflect on the words being repeated.

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➡️ Antimetabole

Definition:

An antimetabole is a rhetorical device in which a phrase or sentence is repeated, but with the words reversed or rearranged. It creates a symmetric pattern that emphasises contrasting or complementary ideas.

To remember this, think of antimetabole as "word-flip repetition."

Here are some examples:

1. "When the going gets tough, the tough get going.":

Emphasising resilience and determination.

2. "Fair is foul and foul is fair.":

Contrasting appearances and reality from Shakespeare's Macbeth.

3. "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.":

John F. Kennedy's call to civic responsibility.

4. "I meant what I said and I said what I meant.":

From Dr. Seuss, highlighting honesty and straightforwardness.

5. "Eat to live, not live to eat.":

Encouraging a balanced approach to eating.

6. "You have to learn the rules of the game, and then you have to play better than anyone else.":

Albert Einstein's perspective on mastery.

7. "In times of change, learners inherit the earth; while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists.":

Eric Hoffer's insight into adaptability.

8. "The difference between the almost right word and the right word is the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.":

Mark Twain's analogy for precision in language.

9. "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately.":

Benjamin Franklin's plea for unity during the American Revolution.

10. "Love as if you would one day hate, and hate as if you would one day love.":

Bias of Carthaginian general Hannibal.

Remember the "word-flip repetition" trick to recall what an antimetabole is and how it functions in language.

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Short Summary

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1. Simlie - दो चीजों का comparasion like or as जैसे शब्दों को लगाकर किया जाता है।

2. Metaphor - दो चीजों का डायरेक्ट comparasion किया जाता है बिना like or as जैसे शब्दों को लगाए।

3. Personification - निर्जीव वस्तुओं को सजीव वस्तुओं के गुण दे दिए जाते है।

4. Paradox - विरोध का आभास हो लेकिन वास्तव में विरोध न हो।

5. Irony - Actual situation को व्यंग्य के माध्यम से कहना।

6. Hyperbole - किसी भी बात को बहुत बड़ा - चढ़ा कर कहना।

7. Alliteration - समान consonant sound repeat होते है , पड़ोसी शब्द के शुरू में।

8. Assonance - समान vowel sound repeat होते है , पड़ोसी शब्द में but consonant sound अलग होते है।

9. Pun - एक ही word के दो या अधिक meaning होते है।

10. Euphemism - tough word या phrase को polite तरीके से express करता है।

11. Litotes - Affirmative idea को negative तरीके से बताया जाता है।

12. Apostrophe - possession एवम omission of letters को बताएगा। Apostrophe (') का sign लगा होगा।

13. Onomatopoeia - एक single word किसी भी object से created original sound को relate करता है।

14. Metonymy - एक word या phrase को उससे जुड़े ( समान सा अर्थ रखने वाले) दूसरे word या phrase से replace कर दिया जाता है।

15. Synecdoche - एक part पूरे whole को एवम whole एक part को represent कर सकता है।

16. Inversion - Actual word order को reverse कर दिया जाता है बात पर और ज्यादा जोर देने के लिए।

17. Repetition - word, phrase या lines को repeat किआ जाता है।

18. Exclamation - बहुत ही strong emotion, excitement, surprise etc. को बताता है, exclaimation sign भी लगा होता है।

19. Consonance - consonant sound , group of words में बीच में या अंत में repeat होते है जबकि allitration में शुरू में repeat होते है।

20. Antithesis - words या phrase आपस में एक दूसरे को strong contrast करेंगी।

21. Interrogation - question पूंछने का भाव होगा और question mark का प्रयोग होगा।

22. Tautology - Statement या phrase को बेवजह ही अलग अलग शब्दों का use करके repeat किया जाता है जबकि meaning same होता है।

23. Epigram - एक बहुत बड़ी बात को smart तरीके से concise manner में कह देना।

24. Oxymoron - दो contrast या opposite word एक साथ use होंगे।

25. Climax - जब कोई भी story या narrative highest peak, turning point या resolution पर पहुंच जाए।

26. Parable - जब किसी story या narrative को simple शब्दों में भरोसेमंद घटनाओं और पात्रों का प्रयोग करके उसके moral और spiritual lesson को समझाना।

27. Fable - जानवरों या निर्जीव वस्तुओं को पात्र बनाकर नैतिक सिद्धांत बताना।

28. Anaphora - Word या phrase का शुरू से अंत तक क्रमिक repitition होता है।

29. Antimetabole - reversed और rearranged तरीके से word repeat होते है।

इन सब के बहुत सारे उदाहरणों के लिए आपको ऊपर इनकी विस्तृत जानकारी के साथ - साथ उदाहरण भी दिए गए है, जिन्हें आप देख सकते है।

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Difference Some conflicted Figure of speech 👇👇

Difference between simile and metaphor

Simile: A simile is a figure of speech that compares two things using words like "like" or "as." It shows similarities between them.

Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun."

Metaphor: A metaphor also compares two things, but without using "like" or "as." It says one thing is another to create a deeper meaning.

Example: "Time is a thief."

So, in a simile, you say something is like something else, while in a metaphor, you say something is something else.

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Difference between alliteration and consonance

Alliteration: Alliteration is a literary device where words in a sentence or phrase start with the same sound or letter. It creates a pleasing rhythm and can make language more memorable.

Example: "Sally sells seashells by the seashore."

Consonance: Consonance is another way to play with sounds in language. It involves the repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of words. Unlike alliteration, the repeated sounds can be anywhere in the word, not just at the beginning.

Example: "He struck a streak of bad luck."

So, alliteration focuses on the initial sounds, while consonance involves repeated consonant sounds within words.

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Difference between paradox, oxymoron, and antithesis

Certainly! Here's the in simple English, along with examples:

Paradox: A paradox is a statement that seems contradictory or impossible, but might reveal a deeper truth.

Example: "The more you know, the more you realise you don't know."

Oxymoron: An oxymoron is a combination of two contradictory or opposite words used together to create a unique effect.

Example: "Jumbo shrimp" or "bittersweet."

Antithesis: Antithesis involves using contrasting ideas in the same sentence to emphasise the differences. It's like setting up a direct opposition for impact.

Example: "Speech is silver, but silence is gold."

So, a paradox challenges your thinking, an oxymoron combines opposites, and antithesis sets up direct contrasts for emphasis.

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Difference between inversion, antimetabole, anaphora, and repetition

Certainly! Here's the in simple English, along with examples:

Inversion: Inversion is a literary technique where the normal order of words in a sentence is reversed to create a specific effect or emphasis.

Example: "Into the room walked a mysterious stranger."

Antimetabole: Antimetabole involves repeating words or phrases in reverse order to create a unique pattern.

Example: "Eat to live, not live to eat."

Anaphora: Anaphora is a device where a word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences for emphasis or rhythmic effect.

Example: "I have a dream. I have a dream that one day..."

Repetition: Repetition is the simple act of repeating words or phrases to make a point clearer or to emphasise an idea.

Example: "Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow."

So, inversion changes word order, antimetabole reverses words, anaphor repeats at the beginning, and repetition simply repeats for emphasis or clarity.

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From the Blog:

आज हमने इस पोस्ट में अंग्रेजी भाषा के सभी अलंकार (जिसे हम figure of speech कहते है) को विस्तार पूर्वक समझा और उनके विभिन्न उदाहरणों को भी देखा इसके साथ साथ inversion, antimetabole, anaphora एवम repetition में अंतर ,paradox, oxymoron, एवम antithesis में अंतर, alliteration एवम consonance में अंतर and simile एवम metaphor में अंतर को भी जाना जो कि आपको अपनी प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं एवम daily life में बहुत ही उपयोगी साबित होंगे ओर आपकी अंग्रेजी भाषा को सीखने में मदद करेंगी।

उम्मीद करता हूँ कि आपको पोस्ट पसंद आई होगी यदि आयी हो तो आप इसे अपने जानने वालों के साथ साझा कर सकते है।

धन्यवाद।

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ROOT WORD THEME.

You must click here

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1. Logy root word || Logy theme👈

2. Mel root word || Mel theme👈

3. Ami root word || Ami theme👈

4. Tac root word || Tac theme👈

5. Mal root word || Mal theme👈

6. Aff root word || Aff theme👈